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"Essentials of Internal Medicine"

《内科摘要》

Ming · 1529

薛己(Xuē Jǐ,字新甫,号立斋,1487–1559)

Medical theory

Last reviewed: July 3, 2026

Introduction

"Essentials of Internal Medicine"

This page is cultural documentation, not medical advice.

A 2-volume Ming-dynasty medical-case collection by Xue Ji (1487–1559), completed around 1529. The earliest specialist "internal-medicine case record" in the Chinese medical tradition, documenting the clinical practice of the warming-tonification school.

Xue Ji, styled Xinfu and self-styled Lizhai, was the principal clinical heir of the Ming-dynasty warming-tonification (温补派) school. The Neike Zhaiyao is his compilation of 200+ internal-medicine case records, each following a structured format: pattern identification, formula choice, dosing, and outcome. The text is the canonical source of Dān Zhī Xiāo Yáo Sǎn (加味逍遥散, "Danzhi Xiaoyao San"), the formula that adds Mǔ Dān Pí (moutan bark) and Shān Zhī Zǐ (gardenia) to Xiāo Yáo Sǎn. It is, in short, the foundational clinical record of the Ming warming-tonification school's internal-medicine practice.

Historical background

The Neike Zhaiyao (Essentials of Internal Medicine) was compiled by Xue Ji and completed around 1529 during the mid-Ming Jiajing reign. The text emerged from the warming-tonification (温补派) school, which traced its lineage to Li Dongyuan's Pi Wei Lun and was re-articulated through the writings of Zhu Danxi and the Xue family's hereditary medical practice. As the earliest specialist "internal-medicine case record" in the Chinese medical tradition, the work presents more than 200 cases organized in a structured "pattern–formula–dose–outcome" format. The text records the formula now known as Dān Zhī Xiāo Yáo Sǎn (Moutan-and-Gardenia Free-and-Easy Powder), produced by adding Mǔ Dān Pí and Shān Zhī Zǐ to the canonical Xiāo Yáo Sǎn.…

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About the author

薛己(Xuē Jǐ,字新甫,号立斋,1487–1559)

Xue Ji (薛己, 1487–1559), styled Xinfu (新甫) and self-styled Lizhai (立斋), was a Ming-dynasty physician from Wuxian (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu). He inherited his medical practice from his father Xue Xuan (薛铠), served in the Imperial Medical Academy (太医院) and eventually rose to the post of 太医院使.…

Formulas recorded in this text· 1

  • Formula · Dān Zhī Xiāo Yáo Wán

    Moutan-Gardenia Free Wanderer

    丹栀逍遥丸

    A "shu-gan jie-yu, qing-re liang-xue" (spread the liver, resolve constraint, clear heat, cool blood) formula from the Ming-dynasty "Essentials of Internal Medicine", the "heat-clearing" expansion of the classic Xiao Yao San.

Concerns covered in this text· 1

Patterns covered in this text· 1